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  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Endorsements
  • Part I: Scientific Case for Creation
    • Life Sciences
    • Astronomical and Physical Sciences
    • Earth Sciences
    • References and Notes
  • Part II: Fountains of the Great Deep
    • The Hydroplate Theory: An Overview
    • The Origin of Ocean Trenches, Earthquakes, and the Ring of Fire
    • Liquefaction: The Origin of Strata and Layered Fossils
    • The Origin of the Grand Canyon
    • The Origin of Limestone
    • Frozen Mammoths
    • The Origin of Comets
    • The Origin of Asteroids, Meteoroids,and Trans-Neptunian Objects
    • The Origin of Earth's Radioactivity
  • Part III: Frequently Asked Questions
  • Technical Notes
  • Index

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[ The Fountains of the Great Deep > The Origin of Earth’s Radioactivity > Evaluation of Evidence vs. Theories ]

Evaluation of Evidence vs. Theories

We will test these two competing explanations for Earth’s radioactivity by unambiguous observations, experimental evidence, and simple logic. Each issue, summarized below in italics and given a blue title, is examined from the perspective of the hydroplate theory (HP) and the chemical evolution theory (CE). My subjective judgments, coded in green, yellow, and red circles (reminiscent of a traffic light’s go, caution, and stop) simply provide a starting point for your own evaluations. Numbers in Table 23 refer to explanations that follow. Any satisfactory explanation for Earth’s radioactivity should credibly address the italicized issues below.  Please alter Table 23 by adding or removing evidence as you see fit.

Table 23. Evidence vs. Theories: Origin of Earth’s Radioactivity

 

Theories

Hydroplate Theory

Chemical Evolution

Evidence to be Explained

Experimental Support

Image of Green Circle

  1

Image of Yellow Circle

  2

Quartz Alignment in Continental Crust

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  3

Image of Red Circle

  4

Radioactivity Concentrated in Continental Crust

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  5

Image of Red Circle

  6

Correlation of Heat Flow with Radioactivity

Image of Green Circle

  7

Image of Yellow Circle

  8

Ocean-Floor Heat

Image of Green Circle

  9

Image of Red Circle

10

Argon-40 (40Ar)

Image of Green Circle

11

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12

Oklo Natural “Reactor”

Image of Yellow Circle

13

Image of Red Circle

14

Helium-3 (3He)

Image of Green Circle

15

5

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16

Zircon Characteristics

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17

Image of Red Circle

18

Helium Retention in Zircons

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19

Image of Red Circle

20

Isolated Polonium Halos

Image of Green Circle

21

Image of Red Circle

22

Elliptical Halos

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23

Image of Red Circle

24

Explosive Expansion

Image of Green Circle

25

Image of Red Circle

26

Uranium-235 (235U)

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27

Image of Red Circle

28

Isotope Ratios

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29

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30

Carbon-14 (14C)

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31

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32

40 Extinct Radioisotopes

Image of Green Circle

33

Image of Yellow Circle

34

Chondrules

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35

Image of Red Circle

36

Meteorites

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37

Image of Red Circle

38

Close Supernova?

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39

Image of Red Circle

40

Deuterium (2H)

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41

Image of Red Circle

42

Oxygen-18 (18O)

Image of Green Circle

43

Image of Yellow Circle

44

Lineaments

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45

Image of Red Circle

46

Cold Mars

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47

Image of Yellow Circle

48

Distant Chemical Elements

Image of Green Circle

49

Image of Yellow Circle

50

The Salt Connection

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51

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52

Rising Himalayas

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53

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54

Forming Heavy Nuclei

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55

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56

6Li, 9Be, 10B, and 11B

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57

Image of Red Circle

58

Pertains Primarily to One Theory:

Earthquakes and Electricity

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59

N/A

Pegmatites

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60

N/A

Batholiths

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61

N/A

Radioactive Moon Rocks

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62

N/A

Inconsistent Dates

N/A

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63

Baffin Island Rocks

N/A

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64

Chemistry in the Sun

N/A

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65

Chemistry in Stars

N/A

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66

Star and Galaxy Formation

N/A

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67

Big Bang: Foundation for Chemical Evolution

N/A

Image of Red Circle

68

  

Key:

Image of Green Circle

Explained by theory.

 

 

 

Image of Yellow Circle

Theory has moderate problem with this item.

 

Image of Red Circle

Theory has serious problems with this item.

 

N/A

Not Applicable

 

 

 

The numbers in this table refer to amplifying explanations on pages 400–416.

 

 

 

Both theories will stretch the reader’s imagination. Many will ask, “Could this really have happened?” Two suggestions: First, avoid the tendency to look for someone to tell you what to think. Instead, question everything yourself, starting with this book. Second, follow the evidence. Look for several “smoking guns.”  I think you will find them.

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